Geology Sivalik Hills

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the gangas cutting through sivalik hills



view of sivalik hills sukhna lake


geologically, sivalik hills belong tertiary deposits of outer himalayas. chiefly composed of sandstone , conglomerate rock formations, solidified detritus of great mountain range north, poorly consolidated. remnant magnetization of siltstones , sandstones suggests depositional age of 16-5.2 million years karnali river exposing oldest part of sivalik hills in nepal.


they southernmost , geologically youngest east-west mountain chain of himalayas. have many sub-ranges , extend west arunachal pradesh through bhutan west bengal, , further westward through nepal , uttarakhand, continuing himachal pradesh , kashmir. hills cut through @ wide intervals numerous large rivers flowing south himalayas.


they bounded on south fault system called main frontal thrust, steeper slopes on side. below this, coarse alluvial bhabar zone makes transition level plains. rainfall, during summer monsoon, percolates bhabar, forced surface finer alluvial layers below in zone of springs , marshes along northern edge of terai or plains.


north of sivalik hills 1,500-3,000 meter lesser himalayas known mahabharat range rise steeply along fault lines. in many places 2 ranges adjacent in other places structural valleys 10–20 km wide separate them.








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