History Panchen Lama

1 history

1.1 name
1.2 first panchen lama
1.3 modern times

history
name

the successive panchen lamas form tulku reincarnation lineage said incarnations of amitābha. title, meaning great scholar , tibetan contraction of sanskrit paṇḍita (scholar) , tibetan chenpo (great). panchen lama traditionally lived in tashilhunpo monastery in shigatse. name of monastery, europeans referred panchen lama tashi-lama (or spelled tesho-lama or teshu-lama).

other titles of panchen lama include panchen bogd , original title given altan khan @ creation of lineage. bogd (mongolian: ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ богд) mongolian, meaning holy, saint . in 1713, 5th panchen lama lobsang yeshe received title panchen erdeni kangxi emperor of qing empire, inherited successive panchen lamas since then. erdeni , or erdini , (manchu: ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠨᡳ erdeni) manchu, meaning treasure .

first panchen lama

lobsang chökyi gyaltsen (1570–1662), first panchen lama accorded title during lifetime. tutor , close ally of 5th dalai lama,

3rd panchen lama, b.1505 - d.1556

great fifth , known, pronounced panchen incarnation of dhayani buddha amitābha.

the 5th dalai lama requested panchen accept tashilhunpo monastery, built 1st dalai lama, multi-lifetime seat future incarnations. since then, every incarnation of panchen lama has been master of tashilhunpo monastery , there have received education , mummified bodies enshrined.

when lobsang chökyi gyaltsen died in 1662, 5th dalai lama commenced tradition of searching next incarnation. reserved traditional title of panchen had been courtesy title exceptionally learned lamas - exclusively successors. khedrub je, sönam choklang , ensapa lobsang döndrup posthumously decided 5th dalai lama have been previous incarnation of lobsang chökyi gyaltsen, 4th panchen lama (1570–1662). traditionally, there considered 4 indian , 3 tibetan incarnations before khedrup, starting subhuti, 1 of original disciples of gautama buddha. gö lotsawa considered first tibetan incarnation of amitabha in line.

the recognition of panchen lamas has been matter involving dalai lama. choekyi gyaltsen, 10th panchen lama, himself declared, cited official chinese review according tibetan tradition, confirmation of either dalai or panchen must mutually recognized. involvement of china in affair seen political ploy try gain control on recognition of next dalai lama (see below), , strengthen hold on future of tibet , governance. china claims however, involvement not break tradition in final decision recognition of both dalai lama , panchen lama traditionally rested in hands of chinese emperor. instance, after 1792, golden urn thought have been used in selecting 10th, 11th , 12th dalai lamas; 14th dalai lama, tenzin gyatso, has more claimed used in selection of 11th, , in other cases used humour chinese confirm selection had been made traditional methods.

modern times

in 1924, thirteenth dalai lama prohibited 9th panchen lama s followers holding office in central tibetan government , imprisoned them in lhasa, prompting panchen lama flee inner mongolia, china. dalai lama attempting collect revenue panchen lama s estate cover tibet s military expenses, , reduce power of panchen lama. in china, ninth panchen lama worked on plans develop tibet. held position in mongolian , tibetan affairs commission, , considered extremely pro chinese . there, adopted ideas of sun yatsen through revolutionary pandatsang rapga of tibet improvement party.

when ninth panchen lama died in 1937, 2 simultaneous searches tenth panchen lama produced 2 competing candidates, dalai lama s officials selecting boy xikang , panchen lama s officials picking gonpo tseten. republic of china government, embroiled in chinese civil war, declared support tseten on 3 june 1949. chinese nationalist governor ma bufang allowed kumbum monastery totally self-governed gyaltsen. dalai lama refused recognize tseten, called gyaltsen.

9th panchen lama, thubten choekyi nyima taken sven hedin. published in 1922 book trans-himalaya

the 10th panchen lama sought revenge on dalai lama leading army against him, , requested aid ma bufang in september 1949. however, chinese nationalist government, facing defeat communists, requested panchen lama s instead, formulating plan 3 khampa divisions led him broad anti-communist base in southwest china, panchen lama decided defect communists instead. panchen lama, unlike dalai lama, sought exert control in decision making.

10th panchen lama

the panchen lama supported communist reform policies tibet. radio beijing broadcast religious leader s call tibet liberated prc, created pressure on lhasa government negotiate people s republic. in april, 1959 10th panchen lama sent telegram beijing expressing support suppressing 1959 rebellion. “he called on tibetans support chinese government.”

however in 1962, wrote 70,000 character petition detailing abuses of power in tibet , discussed premier zhou enlai. however, in 1964, imprisoned. in october 1977, released held under house arrest in 1982. in 1979, married han chinese woman , in 1983 had daughter. in 1989, 10th panchen lama died in shigatse @ age of 51 shortly after giving speech criticizing excesses of cultural revolution in tibet praising reform , opening of 1980s. daughter, young woman, yabshi pan rinzinwangmo, better known renji .

sign referring disappearance of 11th panchen lama chosen & recognized holiness 14th dalai lama of tibet, gedhun choekyi nyima in manali, himachal pradesh, india

the dalai lama named gedhun choekyi nyima 11th incarnation of panchen lama on 14 may 1995, search committee ignored dalai lama s 14 may announcement , instead chose list of finalists excluded gedhun choekyi nyima. in selecting name, lottery numbers drawn golden urn. chinese authorities announced gyancain norbu search committee s choice on 11 november 1995. has been claimed gedhun had been taken protective custody spirit him exile , in captivity against wishes of tibetan people , whereas chinese government states living normal private life . tibetans , human rights groups continue campaign release.