Ingressive speech Ingressive sound

1 ingressive speech

1.1 occurrence
1.2 distribution
1.3 inhaled affirmative yeah

ingressive speech

ingressive speech sounds produced while speaker breathes in, in contrast speech sounds, produced speaker breathes out. air used voice speech drawn in rather pushed out. ingressive speech can glottalic, velaric, or pulmonic.

occurrence

ingressive sounds occur in many languages, being associated scandinavian languages despite being common phenomenon. words subject ingressive speech feedback words ( yes, no ) or short or primal (a cry of pain or sobbing). occurs in rapid counting maintain steady air flow throughout long series of unbroken sounds. common in animals, frogs, dogs, , cats (purring).

in english, ingressive sounds include when 1 says huh! (a gasping sound) express surprise or sss (an inward hiss) express empathy when hurt.

tsou , damin have both been claimed possess ingressive phoneme, neither claim has been validated date, , tsou claim has been disproved. there claims of tohono o odham women speaking entirely ingressively.

there examples of ingressive sounds belong paralanguage. japanese has has been described apicoprepalatal fricative approximant, similar inbreathed [s], response statements upsetting or sign of deference. japanese-speakers use ingressive bilateral bidental friction pre-turn opening in conversation or begin prayer.

distribution

speech technologist robert eklund has found reports of ingressive speech in around 50 languages worldwide, dating far cranz s (1765) historie von grönland, enthaltend…, mentions in female affirmations among eskimo.

inhaled affirmative yeah

several languages include affirmative yeah, yah, yuh, or yes made inhaled breath, sounds gasp. example of pulmonic ingressive , found follows:

dialects of english spoken in ireland (hiberno-english) , scottish highlands (highland english), typically used express agreement , show attentiveness.
dialects of english spoken in newfoundland , maritimes in canada.
dialects of english spoken in state of maine. word transcribed ayup, , people attempting imitate maine accent use ingressive form. missing in maine-dialect television , hollywood productions.
casual french (ouais).
in faroese , icelandic, entire phrases produced ingressively.
in danish, norwegian, , swedish, words ja , jo (yes), nei/nej (no) pronounced inhaled breath, can confusing foreigners. main function of inhaled speech can paralinguistic, showing agreement statement , encouraging speaker continue, in northern sweden, yes can replaced inhalation alone. consequently typical of dialogue.
in northern german dialects, affirmative ja (yes) pronounced ingressively, in dialogue.
in finnish, niin.
in estonian jah (yes).
in khalkha mongolian, words тийм [tʰiːm] ( that/[yes] ), үгүй [ʊɡʊi] ( no ), , мэдэхгүй [mɛdɛx-ɡʊi] know.inf-neg ( [i] don t know ) pronounced in daily conversation pulmonic ingressive airflow.
in ewe , other togolese languages, in parts of mali , cameroon , in hausa language of southern niger , northern nigeria.
in austronesian languages such tagalog [opo] , more forcefully in waray , softer in borongan (samar province) [uhuh] or [ohoh] spelled in these countries oo , possibly stronger in oras, arteche, dolores (all in samar). sound guttural , aspirant inhaled, not exhaled, air. thus, english-speaker exhaling response, exhaled sound not understood native samar-speakers. american english trouble expression uh-oh not approximate it. eastern, western, , northern samar have different accents in same dialect.




^ eklund, r. pulmonic ingressive speech: neglected universal? . fonetik 2007, 30 may–1 june 2007, stockholm, sweden: pp. 21–24. cs1 maint: text (link)
^ airstream mechanisms (pdf). department of linguistics. archived original (pdf) on june 20, 2010. retrieved july 19, 2016. 
^ poyatos, fernando (2002). nonverbal communication across disciplines: volume 2: paralanguage, kinesics, silence, personal , environmental interaction. john benjamins publishing. p. 162. isbn 9789027297112. 
^ robert eklund (2008): pulmonic ingressive phonation: diachronic , synchronic characteristics, distribution , function in animal , human sound production , in human speech, journal of international phonetic association, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 235–324.
^ bird, lindsay (oct 16, 2016). atlantic canadian speech pattern, explained ingressive pulmonic speech used in few parts of world . cbc news. retrieved 17 october 2016. 
^ gee, oliver (8 january 2015). strangest sound in swedish? . thelocal.se. retrieved 25 january 2015. 
^ cfr. http://www.suomienglantisanakirja.fi/niin third , fourth acceptions