About Indian Congress

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1 about

1.1 weather
1.2 criticism
1.3 frank a. rinehart





about

ponca tribe encampment.


the entire indian congress managed ethnologist james mooney , army captain william mercer of 8th u. s. infantry, under direction of commissioner of indian affairs acting on behalf of cornelius newton bliss, united states secretary of interior. original intention of organizing committee illustrate daily life, industry , traits of many tribes possible. however, once congress open authorities realized average person attending exposition wanted see dances, games, races, ceremonials , sham battles. main activities of indian congress re-enactments , ghost dance.


weather

according captain mercer s report, weather has been trying in extreme... of time have had extreme heat accompanied dry, hot winds, rendered camp life pleasant, conditions being rendered worse our location. following close upon heated period have had week of cold, heavy rains made camp , life in more disagreeable during hot spell.


criticism

ethnologist mooney sought congress display customs of various tribes. instead, promoters erected 5,000 seat grandstand, , arranged tribes in re-enactments of battles. there concerns regarding indian congress hosting ghost dance, particularly after u.s. army attacked dancers during wounded knee massacre in 1890. however, ghost dance encouraged managers of exposition. local newspaper reported ghost dance became popular attraction. ghost dance shirt of big foot displayed in part of expo.


frank a. rinehart

mooney contracted frank a. rinehart , adolph muhr take photographs of attendees. rinehart made several hundred pictures, regarded 1 of complete, non-exotifying collections of native american portraits in existence. rinehart , muhr took photographs in studio on expo grounds.


speaking of photos of indian congress, merry foresta, director of smithsonian photography initiative @ smithsonian institution said, rinehart s portraits quite extraordinary , put him above average workaday photographer might have made photographs similar reasons. there other people working, seems have really, because of quality of work, stood apart.








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