Forms English personal pronouns

1 forms

1.1 basic
1.2 archaic , non-standard
1.3 complete table

forms

unlike nouns, not inflected case except possession (woman/woman s), english personal pronouns have number of forms, named according typical grammatical role in sentence:

objective (accusative) case (me, us, etc.), used object of verb, complement of preposition, , subject of verb in constructions (see § case usage below). same forms used disjunctive pronouns.
subjective (nominative) case (i, we, etc.), used subject of verb (see § case usage below).
reflexive form (myself, ourselves, etc.). typically refers noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within same clause (for example, cut herself). form used optionally in non-reflexive function, substitute non-reflexive pronoun (for example, myself, . . ., article written professor smith , myself), though style guides recommend avoiding such use. same reflexive forms used intensive pronouns (for example, made dress herself).

possessive pronouns (mine, ours, etc.) replace entity referred (as in prefer mine) or serve predicate adjectives (as in book mine). details see english possessive. pronouns cannot precede noun.

basic

the basic personal pronouns of modern english shown in table below.

other english pronouns have distinct forms of above types indefinite pronoun one, has reflexive oneself (the possessive form written 1 s, regular english possessive); , interrogative , relative pronoun who, has objective form whom (now confined formal english) , possessive (which in relative use can serve possessive which).

note singular morphosyntactically plural: used plural verb form, in laugh or . see singular section more information.

archaic , non-standard

apart standard forms given above, english has number of non-standard, informal , archaic forms of personal pronouns.

an archaic set of second-person singular pronouns thou, thee, thyself, thy, thine. in anglo-saxon times, these strictly second person singular. after norman conquest in 1066, began used familiar form, french tu , german du. passed out of general use between 1600 , 1800, although (or variants of them) survive in english , scottish dialects , in christian religious communities, , in many idioms. details see thou.



in archaic language, mine , thine may used in place of , thy when followed vowel sound.
for use of me instead of i, see (pronoun)#me mistaken i
an archaic form of plural subject pronoun ye. dialects use ye in place of you, or apocopated or clitic form of you. see ye (pronoun).
a non-standard variant of (particularly in british dialects) me. (this may have origins in fact in middle english before consonant pronounced [mi:], modern english me, (while me [me:], similar modern may) , shortened [mi] or [mɪ], pronouns , nowadays; [hi wɒz] was; versus [ɪt wɒz hi:] he. vowel short, not subject great vowel shift, , emerged in modern english unchanged.)
informal second-person plural forms (particularly in american dialects) include all, y all, youse. other variants include: yous, you/youse guys, you/youse gals, you-uns, yis, yinz. possessives may include you(r) guys s, you(r) gals s, yous s, y s (or y alls). reflexives may formed adding selves after of possessive forms. see y all, yinz, yous. yous common in scotland, particularly in central belt area (though in parts of country , in parts of ireland, ye used plural you).
in informal speech them replaced em, believed survival of late old english form heom, appears hem in chaucer, losing aspiration due being used unstressed form. (the forms they, them etc. of scandinavian origin.)
non-standard reflexive forms ourself , themself used in contexts , used singular meaning (see , singular they).
non-standard reflexive forms hisself , theirselves/theirself used (though considered incorrect in standard english).

complete table

a more complete table, including standard forms , of above forms, given below. nonstandard, informal , archaic forms in italics.

 * in religious usage, pronouns he/she, him/her, his/her, , himself/herself capitalized when referring deity.

for further archaic forms, , information on evolution of personal pronouns of english, see old english pronouns.

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