History Kozelsk

-


kozelsk siege in 1239 batu khan


in 1446, kozelsk temporarily under rule of grand duchy of lithuania. in 1494, town annexed grand duchy of moscow. in 1607, 1 of ivan bolotnikov s units located in kozelsk , showed resistance tsar s army.


the much-venerated monastery, optina pustyn, close by. in 19th century, hermitage gained wide renown startsy . after outbreak of world war ii, pow camp established in monastery polish officers taken captive red army during polish defensive war of 1939. between april , may 1940, nkvd transferred approximately 5,000 of them forest near katyn, executed in became known katyn massacre. remaining 2 hundred officers sent camp in pavlishchev bor , gryazovets. town occupied german army october 8, 1941 until december 27, 1941 , totally destroyed. rebuilt after war.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

History Swan Lake

-
1 history 1.1 origins of swan lake story 1.2 composition history 1.2.1 origins of swan lake composition 1.2.2 tchaikovsky s influences 1.2.3 composition process 1.3 performance history 1.3.1 original production of 1877 1.3.2 tchaikovsky pas de deux 1877 1.3.3 subsequent productions 1879–1894 1.3.4 petipa–ivanov–drigo revival of 1895 1.3.5 later productions history origins of swan lake story many critics have disputed original source of swan lake story. libretto based on story german author johann karl august musäus, der geraubte schleier (the stolen veil), though story provides general outline of plot of swan lake. russian folktale white duck bears resemblance story of ballet, , may have been possible source. contemporaries of tchaikovsky recalled composer taking great interest in life story of bavarian king ludwig ii, tragic life had supposedly been marked sign of swan , who—either consciously or not—was chosen prototype of dreamer prince siegfried. the russian ballet patriarch fy...
Read more

Medical vaporizers Vaporizer (inhalation device)

-
a forced-air vaporizer. detachable balloon (top) fills vapors inhaled. studies have shown vaporizing cannabis exposes user lower levels of harmful substances smoking cannabis. these findings important estimated 10–20 percent of patients chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, , hiv/aids have admitted smoking cannabis therapeutic purposes.for patients, study found smoking cannabis sativa reduced daily pain 34%, statistically significant amount. in study published in journal of psychopharmacology in may 2008, stated vaporizers suitable method administration of thc . 2007 study university of california, san francisco, published in journal of american academy of neurology, found there virtually no exposure harmful combustion products using vaporizing device . 2006 study performed researchers @ leiden university found vaporizers safe , effective cannabinoid delivery system(s) . study stated amount of thc delivered vaporizers equivalent amount delivered smoking. because of studies , o...
Read more

Proto-Slavic Loanwords in Serbian

-
ancient greek words in proto-slavic identified through phonetic features, related greek phonetic history, others possibly scythian-sarmatian or gothic mediations. ancient greek, non-mediated words korablja (ark), koliba (cottage, hut), , supposedly trem (porch); scythian mediations luk (onion), haluga (fence), koš (basket), talog (dregs), kurva (whore); supposedly gothic mediations crkva (church) , daska (plank). there exists loanwords in proto-slavic non-indo-european languages. among turanian (ural-altaic) lexemes, estimated have been adopted between 3rd , 7th century, surviving modern serbian čaša (cup), knjiga (book), kovčeg (chest), krčag (pitcher), sablja (sabre). adoptions avaric in 6th–7th centuries titles ban , župan, , klobuk (a type of hat). south slavic influenced bulgar since arrival in eastern balkans in 7th century, e.g. beleg (landmark), beočug (shackle), bubreg (kidney), pašenog (co-brother-in-law), tojaga (bludgeon).
Read more