Phosphatidylinositol signal pathway G protein–coupled receptor

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in phosphatidylinositol signal pathway, extracellular signal molecule binds g-protein receptor (gq) on cell surface , activates phospholipase c, located on plasma membrane. lipase hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) 2 second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) , diacylglycerol (dag). ip3 binds ip3 receptor in membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria open ca channels. dag helps activate protein kinase c (pkc), phosphorylates many other proteins, changing catalytic activities, leading cellular responses.


the effects of ca remarkable: cooperates dag in activating pkc , can activate cam kinase pathway, in calcium-modulated protein calmodulin (cam) binds ca, undergoes change in conformation, , activates cam kinase ii, has unique ability increase binding affinity cam autophosphorylation, making cam unavailable activation of other enzymes. kinase phosphorylates target enzymes, regulating activities. 2 signal pathways connected ca-cam, regulatory subunit of adenylyl cyclase , phosphodiesterase in camp signal pathway.







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