Current biomarkers Alzheimer's disease biomarkers

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1 current biomarkers

1.1 bace1
1.2 soluble aβ precursor protein (sapp)
1.3 autoantibodies





current biomarkers
bace1

various enzymatic digestion including β- , γ- secretase cleave amyloid precursor protein (app) various types of amyloid β protein. β-secretase activity originates integral membrane aspartyle protease encoded β-site app-cleaving enzyme 1 gene (bace1). according research led dr. zetterberg, used sensitive , specific bace1 assay assess csf bace1 activity in ad. result, increased bace1 expression , enzymatic activity has been detected in subjects ad. concluded elevated bace 1 activity may contribute amyloidgenic process in alzheimer s disease. csf bace1 activity can potential candidate biomarker monitor amyloidogenic app metabolism in cns.


soluble aβ precursor protein (sapp)

app integral membrane protein proteolysis generates beta amyloid ranging 39- 42- amino acid peptide. although biological function of app not known, predicted app may play role during neuroregeneration, , regulation of neural activity, connectivity, plasticity, , memory. recent researches have shown large soluble app (sapp) present in csf may serve novel potential biomarkers of alzheimer s disease. in report posted in nature, group led lewczuk performed test observe performance of soluble form of app α , β. significant increase in sapp α , sapp β evident in patients alzheimer s disease, compared normal subjects. however, csf level of α-sapp , β-sapp has contradictory result. although many researches have revealed csf level of α sapp increases in ad patients, report there no significant change, , lannfelt argues there slight decrease. therefore, more studies need performed confirm validity of sapp biological marker ad.


autoantibodies

researchers @ indiana university found titres of anti-beta-amyloid antibodies in cerebral spinal fluid lower in ad patients compared normal patients.








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