History British Somaliland

1 history

1.1 treaties , establishment
1.2 dervish uprising
1.3 somaliland camel corps
1.4 british somaliland 1920–1930
1.5 italian invasion
1.6 independence , union trust territory of somaliland

history
treaties , establishment


mohamoud ali shire, 26th sultan of warsangali sultanate.

in 1888, after signing successive treaties ruling somali sultans such mohamoud ali shire of warsangali sultanate, british established protectorate in region referred british somaliland. british garrisoned protectorate aden , administered british india colony until 1898. british somaliland administered foreign office until 1905 , afterwards colonial office.

generally, british did not have interest in resource-barren region. stated purposes of establishment of protectorate secure supply market, check traffic in slaves, , exclude interference of foreign powers. british principally viewed protectorate source supplies of meat british indian outpost in aden through maintenance of order in coastal areas , protection of caravan routes interior. hence, region s nickname of aden s butcher s shop . colonial administration during period did not extend administrative infrastructure beyond coast, , contrasted more interventionist colonial experience of italian somaliland.

dervish uprising


aerial view of mohammed abdullah hassan s main fort in taleh, capital of dervish state.

beginning in 1899, british forced expend considerable human , military capital contain decades-long resistance movement mounted dervish resistance movement. movement led sayyid mohammed abdullah hassan, somali religious leader referred colloquially british mad mullah . repeated military expeditions unsuccessfully launched against hassan , dervishes before world war i.

1911 map of somalia showing british somaliland , italian somaliland.

on 9 august 1913, somaliland camel constabulary suffered serious defeat @ battle of dul madoba @ hands of dervishes. hassan had evaded several attempts capture him. @ dul madoba, forces killed or wounded 57 members of 110-man constabulary unit, including british commander, colonel richard corfield.

in 1914, british created somaliland camel corps assist in maintaining order in british somaliland.

in 1920, british launched fifth , final expedition against hassan , followers. employing then-new technology of military aircraft, british managed quell hassan s twenty-year-long struggle. aerial attack on dervish capital, taleh, killed many members of hassan s family had been lured there british official visit. hassan , dervish supporters fled ogaden, hassan died in 1921.

somaliland camel corps


somaliland camel corps between berbera , odweyne in 1913.

the somaliland camel corps, referred somali camel corps, unit of british army based in british somaliland. lasted 20th century until 1944. troopers of somaliland camel corps had distinctive dress. based on standard british army khaki drill, included knitted woollen pullover , drill patches on shoulders. shorts worn woollen socks on puttees , chaplis , boots or bare feet. equipment consisted of leather ammunition bandolier , leather waist belt. officers wore pith helmets , khaki drill uniforms. other ranks wore kullah puggree ended in long tail hung down back. chaplis typically colourful sandal. kullah type of cap. puggree typically strip of cloth wound around upper portion of hat or helmet, particularly pith helmet, , falling down behind act shade of neck.

british somaliland 1920–1930

market in hargeisa.

following defeat of dervish resistance, 2 fundamental goals of british policy in british somaliland preservation of stability , economic self-sufficiency of protectorate. second goal remained particularly elusive because of local resistance taxation might have been used support protectorate s administration. 1930s, british presence had extended other parts of british somaliland. growth in commercial trade motivated livestock herders subsequently leave pastoral economy , settle in urban areas. customs taxes helped pay british india s patrol of somalia s red sea coast.

italian invasion

in august 1940, during east african campaign in world war ii, british somaliland invaded italy. few british forces present attempted defend main road berbera, dislodged positions , forced retreat after battle of tug argan. during period, british rounded soldiers , governmental officials evacuate them territory through berbera. in total, 7,000 people, including civilians, evacuated. somalis serving in somaliland camel corps given choice of evacuation or disbandment; majority chose remain , allowed retain arms.

in march 1941, after six-month italian occupation, british imperial forces recaptured protectorate during operation appearance. final remnants of italian guerrilla movement discontinued resistance in british somaliland fall of 1943.

independence , union trust territory of somaliland


first president of somali national assembly, speaker of somalia act of union haji bashir ismail yusuf.

in 1947, entire budget administration of british somaliland protectorate £213,139.

in may 1960, british government stated prepared grant independence protectorate of british somaliland, intention territory unite italian-administered trust territory of somaliland (the former italian somaliland). legislative council of british somaliland passed resolution in april 1960 requesting independence , union trust territory of somaliland, scheduled gain independence on 1 july year. legislative councils of both territories agreed proposal following joint conference in mogadishu.

in april 1960, leaders of 2 territories met in mogadishu , agreed form unitary state. elected president head of state. full executive powers held prime minister answerable elected national assembly of 123 members representing 2 territories.

on 26 june 1960, british somaliland protectorate briefly gained independence state of somaliland before uniting scheduled 5 days later trust territory of somaliland form somali republic (somalia) on 1 july 1960.

accordingly, british somaliland united scheduled trust territory of somalia establish somali republic. on july 1, 1960. legislature appointed speaker of somalia act of union hagi bashir ismail yousuf first president of somali national assembly. same day aden abdullah osman daar become president of somali republic.