Potential applications Paper battery

1 potential applications

1.1 electrochemical batteries
1.2 lithium-ion batteries
1.3 biofuel cells
1.4 supercapacitors
1.5 nanogenerators

potential applications

the paper-like quality of battery combined structure of nanotubes embedded within gives them light weight , low cost, offering potential portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles , toys (such model aircraft).

the batteries employ nanotubes, potentially slowing commercial adoption due excessive cost. commercial adoption requires larger devices. e.g., newspaper-sized device powerful enough power car.

paper can integrated several different forms of batteries, such electrochemical batteries, biofuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, , nanogenerators.

electrochemical batteries

electrochemical batteries can modified integrate use of paper. electrochemical battery typically uses 2 metals, separated 2 chambers , connected bridge or membrane permits exchange of electrons between 2 metals, thereby producing energy. paper can integrated electrochemical batteries depositing electrode onto paper , using paper contain fluid used activate battery. paper has been patterned can used in electrochemical batteries. done make battery more compatible paper electronics. these batteries tend produce low voltage , operate short periods of time, can connected in series increase output , capacity. paper batteries of type can activated bodily fluids makes them useful in healthcare field such single-use medical devices or tests specific diseases. battery of type has been developed longer life power point of care devices healthcare industry. device used paper battery made using magnesium foil anode , silver cathode has been used detect diseases in patients such kidney cancer, liver cancer, , osteoblastic bone cancer. paper patterned using wax printing , able disposed of. furthermore, battery developed @ low cost , has other practical application.

lithium-ion batteries

paper can used in lithium-ion batteries regular, commercial paper, or paper enhanced single-walled carbon nanotubes. enhanced paper used electrode , separator results in sturdy, flexible battery have great performance capabilities such cycling, great efficiency, , reversibility. using paper separator more effective using plastic. process of enhancing paper, however, can complicated , costly, depending on materials used. carbon nanotube , silver nanowire film can used coat regular paper create simpler , less expensive separator , battery support. conductive paper can used replace traditionally used metallic chemicals. resulting battery performs well, while simplifying manufacturing process , reducing cost. lithium-ion paper batteries flexible, durable, rechargeable, , produce more power electrochemical batteries. in spite of these advantages, there still drawbacks. in order paper integrated li-ion battery, complex layering , insulating techniques required battery function desired. 1 reason these complex techniques used strengthen paper used not tear easily. contributes overall strength , flexibility of battery. these techniques require time, training, , costly materials. additionally, individual materials required not environmentally friendly , require specific disposal procedures. paper lithium-ion batteries best suited applications requiring substantial amount of energy on extended period of time. lithium-ion paper batteries can composed of carbon nanotubes , cellulose based membrane , produce results, @ high price tag. other researchers have been successful using carbon paper manufactured pyrolyzed filter paper. paper inserted in between electrode , cathode.the use of carbon paper interlayer in li-s batteries improves batteries efficiency , capacity. carbon paper increases contact area between cathode , electrode allows greater flow of electrons. pores in paper allow electrons travel while preventing anode , cathode being in contact 1 another. translates greater output, battery capacity , cycle stability; these improvements conventional li-s batteries. carbon paper made pyrolyzed filter paper inexpensive make , performs multi-walled carbon nanotube paper used battery.

biofuel cells

biofuel cells operate electrochemical batteries, except utilize components such sugar, ethanol, pyruvate, , lactate, instead of metals facilitate redox reactions produce electrical energy. enhanced paper used contain , separate positive , negative components of biofuel cell. paper biofuel cell started more conventional biofuel cell since porous paper able absorb positive biofuel , promote attachment of bacteria positive biofuel. battery capable of producing significant amount of power after being activated wide range of liquids , disposed of. development must take place, since components toxic , expensive.

naturally occurring electrolytes might allow biocompatible batteries use on or within living bodies. paper batteries described researcher “a way power small device such pacemaker without introducing harsh chemicals – such kind typically found in batteries — body.”

their ability use electrolytes in blood make them potentially useful medical devices such pacemakers, medical diagnostic equipment, , drug delivery transdermal patches. german healthcare company ksw microtech using material power blood supply temperature monitoring.

supercapacitors

paper battery technology can used in supercapacitors. supercapacitors operate , manufactured electrochemical batteries, capable of greater performance , able recharged. paper, or enhanced paper can used develop thin, flexible supercapacitors lightweight less expensive. paper has been enhanced carbon nanotubes preferred on regular paper because has increased strength , allows easier transfer of electrons between 2 metals. electrolyte , electrode embedded paper produces flexible paper supercapacitor can compete commercial supercapacitors produced today. paper supercapacitor suited high power application.

nanogenerators

nanogenerators more recent device convert mechanical energy electrical energy. paper desirable component of nanogenerators same reasons discussed above. such devices able capture movement, such body movement, , convert energy electrical energy power led lights, example.