Usage 4-4-0

1 usage

1.1 australia
1.2 finland
1.3 mozambique
1.4 new zealand
1.5 rhodesia
1.6 south africa

1.6.1 narrow gauge
1.6.2 standard gauge
1.6.3 cape gauge


1.7 united kingdom

1.7.1 tank locomotives
1.7.2 inside cylinder tender locomotives
1.7.3 three-cylinder tender locomotives


1.8 united states of america

usage
australia

south australian railways s class no. 151, murray bridge, 5 march 1951

the first 4-4-0s appeared in south australia in 1859. initial order 2 locomotives, numbers of wheel arrangement multiplied , appeared in of australian colonies. tender, tank , saddle tank versions, varying in size small engines express passenger racers 6 feet 6 inches (1,981 millimetres) driving wheels, worked in victoria, new south wales, western australia , tasmania on 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge, 4 ft 8 ⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge , 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge.

the locomotives came british builders such dübs , beyer, peacock, american rogers locomotive works in new jersey , local firms such james martin & co. in gawler, south australia, , phoenix foundry in ballarat, victoria. in new south wales , victoria, 4-4-0 ruled rails mainline passenger services until 1900s. in western australia, later converted 4-4-2s.

finland

finnish class a4 locomotive of 1872

in finland, 4-4-0 represented classes a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 , a7.

the class a4 class of 9 locomotives, built in 1872 , 1873 baldwin locomotive works use on hanko–hyvinkää railway.
the finnish steam locomotive class a5 class of 2 locomotives, built in 1874 , 1875 finnish state railroad s workshops in helsinki. 1 of them preserved @ finnish railway museum.

mozambique

restored beira railway falcon f2

between 1895 , 1898, pauling , company placed 42 falcon f2 , f4 4-4-0 tender locomotives in service on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway being constructed beira railway in mozambique. supplied in 6 batches falcon engine , car works limited in england , glasgow railway engineering company in scotland.

in service, these locomotives nicknamed lawleys after beira railway construction subcontractor. construction of last batch of ten f4 locomotives subcontracted falcon glasgow railway engineering company in scotland , these consequently referred drummond f4.

the falcon f4 larger , heavier earlier f2, tractive effort increased 3,000 pounds-force (13.3 kilonewtons) of f2 3,987 pounds-force (17.7 kilonewtons) @ 75% boiler pressure. haul 180 long tons (182.9 tonnes) ruling gradients, compared 160 long tons (162.6 tonnes) f2 manage.

new zealand

the nzr l class tank locomotives of 1887 built in britain nasmyth, wilson , company in 1887 new zealand midland railway company. taken on new zealand railways department in 1900, when government acquired incomplete midland line.

rhodesia

when beira railway in mozambique regauged 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) 1900 , whole 4-4-0 lawley locomotive fleet staged, 6 of mozambican f4 locomotives acquired ayrshire railway, under construction in southern rhodesia. remained in service there until 1914, when line converted cape gauge , became sinoia branch of beira, mashonaland , rhodesia railway.

south africa
narrow gauge

in 1907 , 1910, tongaat sugar estates in natal acquired 2 4-4-0 tank locomotives w. g. bagnall 2 ft (610 mm) gauge line. these locomotives had 9 14 inches (229 356 millimetres) cylinders. further eleven similar locomotives, 10 15 inches (254 381 millimetres) cylinders, delivered same manufacturer between 1926 , 1946.

sar class ng6 no. 106

in 1915, thirteen of beira railway’s retired narrow gauge falcon f2 , f4 locomotives acquired mozambique union defence forces use in south africa, replaced locomotives had been commandeered war effort in german south west africa during first world war. @ end of war, these locomotives staged until placed in service south african railways (sar) in 1921. when system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives classes introduced sar between 1928 , 1930, classified class ng6.

in 1936, bagnall built single 4-4-0 tank locomotive, named burnside , 11 ⁄2 15 inches (292 381 millimetres) cylinders, 2 ft 0 ⁄2 in (622 mm) gauge line of natal estates sugar plantation @ mount edgecombe in natal.

standard gauge

natal railway co. perseverance

the third locomotive of 4 ft 8 ⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge natal railway company delivered in january 1876, sixteen years after opening of railway. 4-4-0 side tank engine, built kitson , company , named perseverance. last standard gauge locomotive obtained natal railway company before establishment of natal government railways in 1877 , conversion standard gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) cape gauge.

cape gauge

cgr 1st class optional tender

seven side-tank locomotives built cape government railways (cgr) robert stephenson , company in 1875. since found fast , reliable engines, 4 more delivered in 1880, built neilson , company , practically identical previous seven, equipped small optional four-wheeled water tenders. designated 1st class when locomotive classification system introduced cgr.

in 1879, cape government railways placed 4 1st class tender locomotives in service, built avonside engine company. intended fast passenger service on cape western , eastern systems , followed eleven more neilson , company in 1880.

in 1881, cgr placed 6 more 1st class tank-and-tender locomotives in service on cape midland system. these built neilson , company tender locomotives without on-board coal bunkers , permanently attached coal , water tenders. 2 of them became sar class 01 in 1912.

wynberg tank, c. 1882

between 1882 , 1891, eleven 4-4-0t tank locomotives wynberg suburban line in cape town delivered cgr neilson , dübs , company. designated 2nd class , known wynberg tanks, ten of them became sar class 02 in 1912.

in 1882, 2 tank locomotives named grahamstown , bathurst entered passenger service on private kowie railway between grahamstown , port alfred, still under construction @ time.

cgr 3rd class 4-4-0 sir hercules

eighteen tender passenger locomotives delivered cgr neilson , company in 1883, designated 3rd class. ordered passenger service out of cape town, east london , port elizabeth respectively , equipped six-wheeled tenders.

in 1884, cgr placed 2 experimental 3rd class tender locomotives in service, designed cape eastern system able use low-grade local coal high incombustible matter content.

in 1889, cgr placed 24 3rd class tender locomotives in service. first stock locomotives built in quantity detailed designs prepared in cape of hope.

cgr 3rd class wynberg tender

in 1898, cgr placed 6 3rd class wynberg tender locomotives in passenger service on suburban lines in cape town.

in 1901, cgr placed 6 3rd class wynberg tender locomotives in suburban service in cape town. heavier , more powerful version of locomotives of 1898 , built speed, largest coupled wheels of locomotive on cgr date @ 60 inches (1,520 millimetres) diameter.

in 1903, cgr placed last 8 3rd class wynberg tenders in suburban service in cape town. while appeared virtually identical locomotives of 1901 @ first glance, heavier , more powerful.

united kingdom
tank locomotives

bogie class 4-4-0st horace of 1854

4-4-0t classes began appear on 7 ft ⁄4 in (2,140 mm) broad gauge lines in united kingdom 1849. great western railway built bogie class saddle tanks south devon railway in 1849, , others own use during 1854 , 1855. between 1851 , 1876, south devon railway acquired further 6 saddle tank classes, , vale of neath railway further nine. bristol , exeter railway introduced several 4-4-0st classes after 1855.

william adams built series of standard gauge 4-4-0t classes north london railway between 1863 , 1876. went on build lswr 46 class london , south western railway in 1879. other british 4-4-0t types included class of metropolitan railway, built beyer, peacock , company 1864, , highland railway o class of 1878 , p class of 1893-94. in 1864, john lambie of caledonian railway built twelve class 1 4-4-0t locomotives.

inside cylinder tender locomotives

a lb&scr b4 class c.1910 typical of british inside frame/inside cylinder layout

between 1876 , 1903, samuel w. johnson of midland railway built 350 inside cylinder tender locomotives various designs, notably midland railway’s 483 class. type particularly refined john f. mcintosh of caledonian railway dunalastair , breadalbane classes of 1896 1898. in addition, wilson worsdell of north eastern railway designed 6 classes between 1896 , 1909. other notable classes included london , south western railway’s t9 class of 1899 , london , north western railway’s precursor class of 1904.

from mid-1890s until after first world war, inside cylinder 4-4-0 standard type british express passenger trains, although several classes used in mixed traffic service in later years.

the gwr’s city of truro

the great western railway (gwr) preferred retain outside frames on inside cylinder 4-4-0s. 1 member of city class, city of truro, designed george jackson churchward , built @ gwr’s swindon works in 1903, reputedly first steam locomotive in europe travel in excess of 100 miles per hour (160 kilometres per hour), reaching speed of 102.3 miles per hour (164.6 kilometres per hour) on 9 may 1904 while hauling ocean mails special plymouth london’s paddington station.

although inside cylinder 4-4-0 had largely been superseded larger locomotives mainline express trains 1920, type remained in use in scotland , east anglia, lines not support heavier or larger locomotives common. both great eastern railway’s claud hamilton classes of 1900 1911 , great central railway’s director classes of 1920 perpetuated london , north eastern railway in 1923. until 1932, london, midland , scottish railway continued build class 2p of traditional inside cylinder 4-4-0s secondary passenger working.

three-cylinder tender locomotives

southern railway schools class stowe, constructed in 1934

experiments conducted three-cylinder compound locomotives wilson worsdell of north eastern railway in 1898, samuel w. johnson of midland railway in 1901 , francis webb of london , north western railway. of these, development of johnson s design richard deeley of midland railway 1000 class successful. class continued built london midland , scottish railway (lms) after 1905, until 1932 identical lms compound 4-4-0.

british three-cylinder simple expansion (simplex) locomotives included nigel gresley s lner class d49 hunt , shire 4-4-0s of 1927-28. however, powerful , 1 of successful 4-4-0 designs ever constructed schools class of southern railway, designed richard maunsell , built between 1930 , 1935. these used on secondary express trains between london , south coast towns, until withdrawal in 1962.

united states of america

am&o no. 87, delivered on flatcars due breaks-of-gauge

since first locomotives in united states imported united kingdom, british 4 ft 8 ⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge adopted first united states railroads. when new locomotive construction began in united states in 1831, new railroads opted different gauge, resulting in breaks-of-gauge railroads began joined together. apart freight reloading issues, result new locomotives of these railroads had delivered on flatcars.

the 4-4-0 played major role in development of rail transport in united states. of notable 4-4-0 locomotives saw service on united states railroads are:

the general, built in 1855 rogers, ketchum & grosvenor in paterson, new jersey, fleeing locomotive during great locomotive chase of american civil war.


an at&sf 4-4-0 on passenger train across kansas, c. 1895



walt disney world railroad no. 4 roy o. disney built in february 1916 baldwin locomotive works, no. 251 ferrocarriles unidos de yucatán in mexico. operates on railroad circling magic kingdom in orlando, florida.
the texas, built in 1856 danforth, cooke , company in paterson, new jersey, pursuing locomotive during of great locomotive chase.
the jupiter, central pacific railroad’s no. 60, built schenectady locomotive works of new york in september 1868, 1 of 2 locomotives meet @ promontory summit during golden spike ceremony upon completion of first american transcontinental railroad on may 10, 1869.
union pacific no. 119, built rogers locomotive , machine works of paterson, new jersey in 1868, other locomotive @ promontory summit on may 10, 1869.
the virginia , truckee railroad’s dayton, built in 1873 central pacific railroad, had honor of opening branch line between carson city , minden in nevada in 1906.
the new york central , hudson river railroad no. 999, built in 1893 haul railroad s empire state express, believed have been first in united states travel @ speed of more 100 miles per hour (160 kilometres per hour).


pennsylvania railroad class d6 4-4-0 no. 317, built in 1881.

by 1910, 4-4-0 considered obsolete being replaced mikados, pacifics , other larger engines, although continued serve extent 1950s. last 4-4-0 built diminutive baldwin product united railways of yucatan in 1945. fewer forty 4-4-0s survive in preservation in united states, reproductions excluded.

crown metal products built 4-4-0 locomotive on display @ underground in atlanta, georgia

between 1959 , 1989, crown metal products company of wyano, pennsylvania built live steam reproductions of classic 4-4-0 designs use amusement parks. largest of these, of 18 produced, ran on 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge track. patterned after 19th-century american designs, produced busch gardens have european styling. many of these saw daily operation @ parks such kings island, michael jackson s neverland ranch (out of service 2013), , omaha zoo railroad @ omaha s henry doorly zoo , aquarium.