Culture Finland

1 culture

1.1 literature
1.2 visual arts, design, , architecture
1.3 music

1.3.1 classical
1.3.2 modern


1.4 cinema , television
1.5 media , communications
1.6 cuisine
1.7 public holidays
1.8 sports

culture

mikael agricola, lutheran protestant reformer , father of finnish written language.



literature

written finnish said have existed since mikael agricola translated new testament finnish during protestant reformation, few notable works of literature written until nineteenth century , beginning of finnish national romantic movement. prompted elias lönnrot collect finnish , karelian folk poetry , arrange , publish them kalevala, finnish national epic. era saw rise of poets , novelists wrote in finnish, notably aleksis kivi , eino leino. many writers of national awakening wrote in swedish, such national poet johan ludvig runeberg , zachris topelius.

after finland became independent, there rise of modernist writers, famously finnish-speaking mika waltari , swedish-speaking edith södergran. frans eemil sillanpää awarded nobel prize in literature in 1939. world war ii prompted return more national interests in comparison more international line of thought, characterized väinö linna. besides kalevala , waltari, swedish-speaking tove jansson translated finnish writer. popular modern writers include arto paasilinna, ilkka remes, kari hotakainen, sofi oksanen, , jari tervo, while best novel annually awarded prestigious finlandia prize.

akseli gallen-kallela, defense of sampo, 1896, turku art museum.


visual arts, design, , architecture

the visual arts in finland started form individual characteristics in 19th century, when romantic nationalism rising in autonomic finland. best known of finnish painters, akseli gallen-kallela, started painting in naturalist style, moved national romanticism. finland s best-known sculptor of twentieth century wäinö aaltonen, remembered monumental busts , sculptures. finns have made major contributions handicrafts , industrial design: among internationally renowned figures timo sarpaneva, tapio wirkkala , ilmari tapiovaara. finnish architecture famous around world, , has contributed several styles internationally, such jugendstil (or art nouveau), nordic classicism , functionalism. among top twentieth-century finnish architects gain international recognition eliel saarinen , son eero saarinen. architect alvar aalto regarded among important twentieth-century designers in world; helped bring functionalist architecture finland, pioneer in development towards organic style. aalto famous work in furniture, lamps, textiles , glassware, incorporated buildings.

music

the finnish composer jean sibelius (1865–1957), significant figure in history of classical music.



classical

much of finland s classical music influenced traditional karelian melodies , lyrics, comprised in kalevala. karelian culture perceived purest expression of finnic myths , beliefs, less influenced germanic influence nordic folk dance music largely replaced kalevaic tradition. finnish folk music has undergone roots revival in recent decades, , has become part of popular music.

the people of northern finland, sweden, , norway, sami, known highly spiritual songs called joik. same word refers lavlu or vuelie songs, though technically incorrect.

the first finnish opera written german-born composer fredrik pacius in 1852. pacius wrote music poem maamme/vårt land (our country), finland s national anthem. in 1890s finnish nationalism based on kalevala spread, , jean sibelius became famous vocal symphony kullervo. received grant study runo singers in karelia , continued rise first prominent finnish musician. in 1899 composed finlandia, played important role in finland gaining independence. remains 1 of finland s popular national figures , symbol of nation.

today, finland has lively classical music scene , many of finland s important composers still alive, such magnus lindberg, kaija saariaho, kalevi aho, , aulis sallinen. composers accompanied large number of great conductors such esa-pekka salonen, osmo vänskä, jukka-pekka saraste, , leif segerstam. of internationally acclaimed finnish classical musicians karita mattila, soile isokoski, pekka kuusisto, olli mustonen, , linda lampenius.

modern

perttu kivilaakso of apocalyptica.

iskelmä (coined directly german word schlager, meaning hit ) traditional finnish word light popular song. finnish popular music includes various kinds of dance music; tango, style of argentine music, popular. light music in swedish-speaking areas has more influences sweden. modern finnish popular music includes number of prominent rock bands, jazz musicians, hip hop performers, dance music acts, etc.

during 1960s, first significant wave of finnish rock groups emerged, playing instrumental rock inspired groups such shadows. around 1964, beatlemania arrived in finland, resulting in further development of local rock scene. during late 1960s , 1970s, finnish rock musicians increasingly wrote own music instead of translating international hits finnish. during decade, progressive rock groups such tasavallan presidentti , wigwam gained respect abroad failed make commercial breakthrough outside finland. fate of rock , roll group hurriganes. finnish punk scene produced internationally acknowledged names including terveet kädet in 1980s. hanoi rocks pioneering 1980s glam rock act inspired american hard rock group guns n roses, among others.

many finnish metal bands have gained international recognition. him , nightwish of finland s internationally known bands. him s 2005 album dark light went gold in united states. apocalyptica internationally famous finnish group renowned mixing strings-led classical music classic heavy metal. other well-known metal bands amorphis, children of bodom, impaled nazarene, korpiklaani, sentenced, sonata arctica, stratovarius, turisas, finntroll, ensiferum, insomnium, moonsorrow, wintersun, poets of fall, , waltari.

after finnish hard rock/heavy metal band lordi won 2006 eurovision song contest, finland hosted competition in 2007.

cinema , television

in film industry, notable directors include aki kaurismäki, mauritz stiller, spede pasanen, , hollywood film director , producer renny harlin. around twelve feature films made each year.

finland s internationally successful tv shows backpacking travel documentary series madventures , reality tv show dudesons, 4 childhood friends perform stunts , play pranks on each other (in similar vein american tv show jackass).

media , communications

linus torvalds, finnish software engineer best known creating popular open-source kernel linux.

thanks emphasis on transparency , equal rights, finland s press has been rated freest in world.

today, there around 200 newspapers, 320 popular magazines, 2,100 professional magazines, 67 commercial radio stations, 3 digital radio channels , 1 nationwide , 5 national public service radio channels.

each year, around 12,000 book titles published , 12 million records sold.

sanoma publishes newspaper helsingin sanomat (its circulation of 412,000 making largest), tabloid ilta-sanomat, commerce-oriented taloussanomat , television channel nelonen. other major publisher alma media publishes on thirty magazines, including newspaper aamulehti, tabloid iltalehti , commerce-oriented kauppalehti. worldwide, finns, along other nordic peoples , japanese, spend time reading newspapers.

yle, finnish broadcasting company, operates 5 television channels , thirteen radio channels in both national languages. yle funded through mandatory television license , fees private broadcasters. tv channels broadcast digitally, both terrestrially , on cable. commercial television channel mtv3 , commercial radio channel radio nova owned nordic broadcasting (bonnier , proventus industrier).

in regards telecommunication infrastructure, finland highest ranked country in world economic forum s network readiness index (nri) – indicator determining development level of country s information , communication technologies. finland ranked 1st overall in 2014 nri ranking, unchanged year before. shown in penetration throughout country s population. around 79% of population use internet. finland had around 1.52 million broadband internet connections end of june 2007 or around 287 per 1,000 inhabitants. finnish schools , public libraries have internet connections , computers , residents have mobile phone. value-added services rare. in october 2009, finland s ministry of transport , communications committed ensuring every person in finland able access internet @ minimum speed of 1 megabit-per-second beginning july 2010.

cuisine


karelian pasty (karjalanpiirakka) traditional finnish dish made thin rye crust filling of rice. butter, mixed boiled egg (eggbutter or munavoi), spread on hot pastries before eating.

finnish cuisine notable combining traditional country fare , haute cuisine contemporary style cooking. fish , meat play prominent role in traditional finnish dishes western part of country, while dishes eastern part have traditionally included various vegetables , mushrooms. refugees karelia contributed foods in eastern finland.

finnish foods use wholemeal products (rye, barley, oats) , berries (such bilberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, , sea buckthorn). milk , derivatives buttermilk commonly used food, drink, or in various recipes. various turnips common in traditional cooking, replaced potato after introduction in 18th century.

according statistics, red meat consumption has risen, still finns eat less beef many other nations, , more fish , poultry. because of high cost of meat in finland.

finland top world consumer of coffee per capita.

public holidays

all official holidays in finland established acts of parliament. christian holidays include christmas, new year s day, epiphany, easter, ascension day, pentecost, midsummer day (st. john s day), , saints day, while secular holidays include may day, independence day, new year s day, , midsummer. christmas extensively celebrated, , @ least 24 26 december taken holiday.

sports

finland s men s national ice hockey team ranked 1 of best in world. team has won 2 world championship titles (in 1995 & 2011) , 6 olympic medals.

various sporting events popular in finland. pesäpallo, resembling baseball, national sport of finland, although popular sports in terms of spectators ice hockey. ice hockey world championships 2016 final finland-canada, 69% finnish people watched game on tv. other popular sports include athletics, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, football , basketball. while ice hockey popular sports when comes attendance @ games, association football played team sport in terms of amount of players in country , appreciated sports in finland.

in terms of medals , gold medals won per capita, finland best performing country in olympic history. finland first participated nation in own right @ olympic games in 1908, while still autonomous grand duchy within russian empire. @ 1912 summer olympics, great pride taken in 3 gold medals won original flying finn hannes kolehmainen.

finland 1 of successful countries @ olympic games before world war ii. @ 1924 summer olympics, finland, nation of 3.2 million people, came second in medal count. in 1920s , 1930s, finnish long-distance runners dominated olympics, paavo nurmi winning total of 9 olympic gold medals between 1920 , 1928 , setting 22 official world records between 1921 , 1931. nurmi considered greatest finnish sportsman , 1 of greatest athletes of time.

for on 100 years, finnish male , female athletes have consistently excelled @ javelin throw. event has brought finland 9 olympic gold medals, 5 world championships, 5 european championships, , 24 world records.

in addition kolehmainen , nurmi, of finland s internationally well-known , successful sportspeople long-distance runners ville ritola , lasse virén; ski-jumpers matti nykänen , janne ahonen; cross-country skiers veikko hakulinen, eero mäntyranta, marja-liisa kirvesniemi , mika myllylä; rower pertti karppinen; gymnast heikki savolainen; professional skateboarder arto saari; ice hockey players kimmo timonen, jari kurri, teemu selänne, , saku koivu; football players jari litmanen , sami hyypiä; basketball player hanno möttölä; alpine skiers kalle palander , tanja poutiainen; formula 1 world champions keke rosberg, mika häkkinen , kimi räikkönen; four-time world rally champions juha kankkunen , tommi mäkinen; , 13-time world enduro champion juha salminen, seven-time champion kari tiainen, , five-time champions mika ahola, biathlete kaisa mäkäräinen , samuli aro. finland 1 of successful nations in bandy, being nation beside russia , sweden win bandy world championship.

the 1952 summer olympics held in helsinki. other notable sporting events held in finland include 1983 , 2005 world championships in athletics.

finland has notable history in figure skating. finnish skaters have won 8 world championships , 13 junior world cups in synchronized skating, , finland considered 1 of best countries @ sport.

some of popular recreational sports , activities include floorball, nordic walking, running, cycling, , skiing (alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, , ski jumping). floorball, in terms of registered players, occupies third place after football , ice hockey. according finnish floorball federation, floorball popular school, youth, club , workplace sport. of 2016, total number of licensed players reaches 57,400.

especially since 2014 fiba basketball world cup, finland s national basketball team has received widespread public attention. more 8,000 finns travelled spain support team. overall, chartered more 40 airplanes.