Examples Cultural appropriation

1 examples

1.1 art, iconography, , adornment
1.2 religion , spirituality
1.3 fashion

1.3.1 17th century victorian era
1.3.2 modern era


1.4 hairstyles, makeup , body modifications
1.5 sports
1.6 african-american culture
1.7 language
1.8 costumes

1.8.1 bsa related dance teams

examples
art, iconography, , adornment

a common example of cultural appropriation adoption of iconography of culture, , using purposes unintended original culture or offensive culture s mores. examples include sports teams using native american tribal names or images mascots; wearing jewelry or fashion religious symbols such war bonnet, medicine wheel, or cross without belief in religions; , mimicking iconography culture s history such tattoos of polynesian tribal iconography, chinese characters, or celtic art worn without regard original cultural significance. critics of practice of cultural appropriation contend divorcing iconography cultural context or treating kitsch risks offending people venerate , wish preserve cultural traditions.

in australia, aboriginal artists have discussed authenticity brand ensure consumers aware of artworks claiming false aboriginal significance. movement such measure gained momentum after 1999 conviction of john o loughlin fraudulent sale of works described aboriginal painted non-indigenous artists.

historically, of hotly debated cases of cultural appropriation have occurred in places cultural exchange highest, such along trade routes in southwestern asia , southeastern europe. scholars of ottoman empire , ancient egypt argue ottoman , egyptian architectural traditions have long been falsely claimed , praised persian or arab.

religion , spirituality

among critics, misuse , misrepresentation of indigenous intellectual property seen exploitative form of colonialism, , 1 step in destruction of indigenous cultures.

the results of use of indigenous knowledge have led tribes, , united nations general assembly, issue several declarations on subject. declaration of war against exploiters of lakota spirituality includes passage:

we assert posture of zero-tolerance white man s shaman rises within our own communities authorize expropriation of our ceremonial ways non-indians; such plastic medicine men enemies of lakota, dakota , nakota people.

article 31 1 of united nations declaration on rights of indigenous peoples states:

indigenous peoples have right maintain, control, protect , develop cultural heritage, traditional knowledge , traditional cultural expressions, manifestations of sciences, technologies , cultures, including human , genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of properties of fauna , flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, sports , traditional games , visual , performing arts. have right maintain, control, protect , develop intellectual property on such cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, , traditional cultural expressions.

many native americans have criticized deem cultural appropriation of sweat lodge , vision quest ceremonies non-natives, , tribes have not traditionally had these ceremonies. contend there higher safety risks when ceremonies conducted non-natives, pointing deaths or injuries in 1996, 2002, 2004, , several high-profile deaths in 2009.

in 2015, group of native american academics , writers issued statement against rainbow family members acts of cultural exploitation... dehumanize indigenous nation because imply our culture , humanity, our land, s taking.

fashion



george iv of united kingdom wearing highland dress, 1822.

cultural appropriation controversial in fashion industry due belief trends commercialise , cheapen ancient heritage of indigenous cultures. there debate whether designers , fashion houses understand history behind clothing taking different cultures, besides ethical issues of using these cultures shared intellectual property without consent, acknowledgement, or compensation. in response criticism, many fashion experts claim occurrence in fact culture appreciation , rather cultural appropriation. companies , designers claim use of unique cultural symbols effort recognize , pay homage specific culture.

17th century victorian era

during 17th century, forerunner 3 piece suit appropriated traditional dress of diverse eastern european , islamic countries. justacorps frock coat copied long zupans worn in poland , ukraine, necktie or cravat derived scarf worn croatian mercenaries fighting louis xiii, , brightly colored silk waistcoats popularised charles ii of england inspired exotic turkish, indian , persian attire acquired wealthy english travellers.

less generation after highland clearances, british aristocracy appropriated traditional scottish clothing. tartan given spurious association specific highland clans after publications such james logan s romanticised work scottish gael (1831) led scottish tartan industry invent clan tartans , tartan became desirable material dresses, waistcoats , cravats. in america, plaid flannel had become workwear time of westward expansion, , worn old west pioneers , cowboys not of scottish descent. in 21st century, tartan remains ubiquitous in mainstream fashion.

by 19th century fascination had shifted asian culture. english regency era dandies adapted indian churidars slim fitting pantaloons, , wore turbans within own houses. later, victorian gentlemen wore smoking caps based on islamic fez, , fashionable turn of century ladies wore orientalist japanese inspired kimono dresses. during tiki culture fad of 1950s, white women donned qipao give impression had visited hong kong, although dresses made seamstresses in america using rayon rather genuine silk. @ same time, teenage british teddy girls wore chinese coolie hats due exotic connotations.

in mexico, sombrero associated mestizo peasant class appropriated earlier hat introduced spanish colonials during 18th century. this, in turn, adapted cowboy hat worn white americans after civil war. in 2016, university of east anglia prohibited wearing of sombreros parties on campus, in belief these offend mexican students.

modern era

blue denim jeans, traditional american clothing, have been appropriated consumers throughout europe , asia.

during 1920s , 30s, british bowler hat appropriated quechua , aymara indian women in bolivia, , various african tribal elders in british empire associated hat authority. in britain, rough tweed cloth clothing of irish, english , scottish peasantry, including flat cap , irish hat appropriated upper classes british country clothing worn sports such hunting or fishing, in imitation of prince of wales. country clothing, in turn, appropriated wealthy american soc , later preppy subcultures during 1950s , 1980s due both practicality , association english elite.

in britain, germany , japan during 1950s, young boys began wearing traditional american clothing such blue jeans , checked western shirts due association cowboys of silver screen. traditional cowboy shirts pearl snaps later revived in britain , america during 1970s, 1980s , 2010s unisex adult fashion. british teddy boys appropriated bolo tie had served folk costume in southwestern united states, , wore them locally tailored imitations of zoot suit. during 2011 visit canada, prince william , kate middleton appropriated cowboy hats , western shirts, , posed photographs charles, prince of wales criticised tasteless.

when keffiyehs became popular in late 2000s, experts made clear distinction between wearing of genuine scarf, , fake made in china. palestinian independence activists , socialists denounced wearing of scarves not made in palestine form of cultural appropriation, encouraged white indie kids , muslim youths buy shemaghs made in herbawi factory demonstrate solidarity palestinian people , improve economy of west bank. in 2017, topshop caused controversy selling chinese-made playsuits imitated pattern of keffiyeh.

in 2012 during annual victoria s secret fashion show, model karlie kloss scrutinized wearing native american headdress during walk on runway. there mixed public response. people of mixed heritage sensitive headdress. usa today ran feature interviewed woman of mixed heritage said headdress symbol of leadership , honour, , has religious meaning behind it. cultural meaning not considered in victoria’s secret’s use of headdress accessory. victoria s secret issued apology stating had no intentions of offending anyone.

at 2014 coachella festival 1 of noted fashion trends bindi. bindi traditional hindu head mark , part of religious culture of hinduism. pictures of festival surfaced online there public controversy on casual wearing of bindi. people offended because felt people wearing bindi not understand meaning behind it.

archbishop justin welby of anglican church has claimed crucifix fashion statement , has lost religious meaning. . crucifixes have been incorporated japanese lolita fashion non-christians in cultural context distinct original meaning christian religious symbol.

hairstyles, makeup , body modifications

the leaders of ancient israel condemned adoption of egyptian , canaanite practises, cutting hair short or shaving beard. @ same time, old testament distinguishes religious circumcision of hebrews, cultures such egyptians practise had aesthetic or practical purposes.
during 16th century, european men imitated short regular haircuts , beards on rediscovered ancient greek , roman statues. curled hair favoured regency era dandy beau brummel inspired classical era.
during 17th century, louis xiv began wearing wigs conceal baldness. many other french fashions, these appropriated baroque era courtiers in england , rest of europe extent men shaved heads ensure wig fitted properly.
american soldiers during world war ii appropriated mohawk hairstyle of native american tribe of same name intimidate enemies. these later worn 1950s jazz musicians sonny rollins, , 1980s punk subculture.
during 2000s, popular in west tribal tattoos appropriated african , polynesian culture, earlobe piercings known flesh tunnels, famously associated buddha.

sports


the washington redskins logo in maryland

while history of colonization , marginalization not unique americas, practice of non-native sports teams deriving team names, imagery, , mascots indigenous peoples still common in united states , canada, , has persisted extent despite protests indigenous groups. cornel pewewardy, professor , director of indigenous nations studies @ portland state university, cites indigenous mascots example of dysconscious racism which, placing images of native american or first nations people invented media context, continues maintain superiority of dominant culture. argued such practices maintain power relationship between dominant culture , indigenous culture, , can seen form of cultural imperialism.

such practices may seen particularly harmful in schools , universities have stated purpose of promoting ethnic diversity , inclusion. in recognition of responsibility of higher education eliminate behaviors create hostile environment education, in 2005 ncaa initiated policy against hostile , abusive names , mascots led change of many derived native american culture, exception of established agreement particular tribes use of specific names. other schools retain names because founded education of native americans, , continue have significant number of indigenous students. trend towards elimination of indigenous names , mascots in local schools has been steady, 2 thirds having been eliminated on past 50 years according national congress of american indians (ncai).

while native americans , tribes object depictions sports mascots, 1 tribe explicitly approves of such representations. florida state seminoles use iconography of seminole tribe. mascots osceola , renegade, depictions of seminole chief osceola , appaloosa horse. after ncaa attempted ban use of native american names , iconography in college sports in 2005, seminole tribe of florida passed resolution offering explicit support fsu s use of seminole culture , osceola mascot; university granted waiver, citing close relationship , consultation between team , tribe. in 2013, tribe s chairman objected outsiders meddling in tribal approval, stating fsu mascot , use of seminole iconography represents courage of people here , still here, known unconquered seminoles. conversely, in 2013, seminole nation of oklahoma expressed disapproval of use of american indian sports-team mascots in public school system, college , university level , professional sports teams , , not members of tribe s florida branch supportive of stance.

in other former colonies in asia, africa, , south america, adoption of indigenous names majority indigenous teams found. there ethnicity-related team names derived prominent immigrant populations in area, such boston celtics, notre dame fighting irish, , minnesota vikings.

the blacks have performed traditional haka dance (an element of māori culture) @ start of of matches since @ least 1905, though significant part of matches (certainly earlier ones) did not have any, let alone majority, of indigenous players.

the 2018 commonwealth games held on gold coast in australia 4 april 2018 has named mascot borobi, local yugambeh word koala, , has sought trademark word through ip australia. application being opposed yugambeh cultural heritage organisation, argues games organising committee used word without proper consultation yugambeh people.

african-american culture

example of hip hop fashion

the term wigger (common spelling wigga ) slang term white person attempts imitate mannerisms, language, , fashions associated african-american culture, particularly hip hop, and, in britain, grime scene, implying failed attempt @ cultural appropriation white subject. wigger portmanteau of white , nigger or nigga, , related term wangsta mashup of wannabe or white, , gangsta. among black hip-hop fans, nigga can considered friendly greeting, when used whites, viewed offensive. wigger may derogatory, reflecting stereotypes of african-american, black british, , white culture (when used synonym of white trash). term used in racist manner, other white people belittle person perceived acting black , used african americans 50 cent offended wigga or wanksta s demeaning of black people , culture.

the phenomenon of white people adopting stereotypical black mannerisms, speech, , apparel has appeared in several generations since slavery abolished in western world. concept has been documented in united states, canada, united kingdom, australia, , other white-majority countries. form of white negro in jazz , swing music scenes of 1920s , 1930s, examined in 1957 norman mailer essay white negro . later seen in zoot suiter of 1930s , 1940s, hipster of 1940s, beatnik of 1950s–1960s, blue-eyed soul of 1970s, , hip hop of 1980s , 1990s. in 1993, article in uk newspaper independent described phenomenon of white, middle-class kids wannabe blacks . 2005 saw publication of why white kids love hip hop: wangstas, wiggers, wannabes, , new reality of race in america bakari kitwana, culture critic s been tracking american hip hop years .

robert a. clift s documentary blacking up: hip-hop s remix of race , identity questions white enthusiasts of black hip-hop culture. clift s documentary examines racial , cultural ownership , authenticity -- path begins stolen blackness seen in success of stephen foster, al jolson, benny goodman, elvis presley, rolling stones -- way vanilla ice (popular music s ur-wigger...) , eminem. review of documentary refers wiggers white poseurs , , states term wigger used both proudly , derisively describe white enthusiasts of black hip-hop culture .

language

minority languages can appropriated, such when non-speakers of scottish gaelic or irish tattoos in language. likewise, use of incorrect scottish gaelic in tokenistic fashion aimed @ non-gaelic speakers on signage , announcements has been criticized disrespectful fluent speakers of language.

starting in 2000s, became more popular non-asian people tattoos of indian devanagari, korean letters or han characters (traditional, simplified or japanese), without knowing true meanings.

costumes

during halloween, people buy, wear, , sell halloween costumes based on racial stereotypes. costumes depict blatant racial stereotypes, indian warrior or kung fool worn people not belong respective corresponding racial or ethnic group. these costumes have been criticized being in poor taste @ best and, @ worst, blatantly racist. in cases, theme parties have been held attendees encouraged dress stereotypes of racial group. number of these parties have been held @ colleges, , @ times other halloween, including martin luther king jr. day , black history month.

bsa related dance teams

in chapter 4 of book playing indian, native american historian philip j. deloria refers koshare indian museum , dancers example of object hobbyists adopt material culture of indigenous peoples of past ( vanishing indian ) while failing engage contemporary native peoples or acknowledge history of conquest , dispossession. native americans have stated such impersonations , performances form of cultural appropriation place dance , costumes in inappropriate context devoid of true meaning, mixing elements different tribes.

for 2015, koshare s winter night dances canceled after request received cultural preservation office (cpo) of hopi nation asking troop discontinue interpretation of dances of hopi , pueblo native americans. director of cpo leigh kuwanwisiwma saw video of performances online, , said performers mimicking our dances, insensitive, far m concerned. in 1950s, head councilman of zuni pueblo saw performance , said: know hearts good, hearts have done bad thing. in zuni culture, religious object , practices have earned right participate, following techniques , prayers have been handed down generations.

there many other examples of groups associated scout troops attempting duplicate native american dance varying degrees of authenticity.

aabikta indian dancers, slidell, louisiana.
coyote night dancers, northern california
kaniengehaga dance team
kootaga indian dancers, parkersburg, west virginia
kossa indian dancers, sulphur, louisiana
kwahadi dancers, amarillo, texas
lakota dancers, belvidere, illinois
mic-o-say dancers, st. joseph, missouri includes 9 teams:

crossed arrows, stewartsville, missouri
five rivers, jefferson city, missouri
kanza, atchison, kansas
lone star, dallas, texas
ma-has-kah, trenton, missouri
maha, omaha, nebraska
otoe, maryville, missouri
robidoux, st. joseph, missouri
white shield, kansas city, missouri


paumanauke dance team, amityville, new york
sahawe indian dancers, uvalde, texas
tsoyaha indian dancers & mossy creek singers, morristown, tennessee




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