History Marabá, Pará

1 history

1.1 colonization
1.2 foundation of pontal itacayúna
1.3 formation of municipality
1.4 1970s
1.5 1980s
1.6 recent facts

history

the settlement of river basin itacaiunas played important factor in shaping city, because though region has been further explored portuguese empire in sixteenth century, remained without permanent occupation 300 years. in 1894 is, in fact, space occupied settlers.

colonization

the first participate in colonization of territory of marabá, in 1894, political leaders had escaped political guerrillas in northern province of goiás, city of boa vista. 1 of leaders carlos leitao, traveled group southeast of province of grão-pará , established first camp in downstream itacaiunas river, in december 1894. definitive village established on left bank of tocantins river, 10 km downstream other camp, place carlos leitao called burgo itacayúna (burgo s itacayúna). after few months, extraction of rubber latex began in burgo s itacayúna region.

in 1895 carlos gomes leitão asks president of province of grão-pará, josé paes de carvalho, funding extraction , commercialization of rubber in addition getting drugs used combat tropical diseases. funding, carlos leitão disseminating information on extraction of rubber in small colony of burgo s itacayúna , surroundings. there first population explosion of locality rubber tappers, fishermen , hunters settle in village of burgo.

foundation of pontal itacayúna

the merchant francisco coelho da silva have been first settle in area downstream of rio itacaiunas, crucial foundation of village of pontal itacayúna (pontal of itacayúna). goal of francisco silva, while riding village of pontal of itacayúna, negotiate rubber tappers sought sell rubber collected in region.

the official historiography francisco silva assigns authorship of current name of city. had installed in village of pontal of itacayúna commercial point called casa marabá (house marabá), years later used name until village pontal of itacayúna.

with death of colonel carlos leitão in 1903, village of burgo s itacayúna disabled , leitão family along other residents move village of pontal itacayúna. in 1904 village of pontal shall called marabá , host borough, installation of police detachment.

formation of municipality

shipment of brazil nuts in small boats.

the economy of village of marabá grew considerably supported extractive base, anchored in exports of rubber , brazil-nut u.s. , european markets. economic importance gained, influenced political aspects, in years 1908 1909 major rebellion occurred in maraba, denominadada of revolta dos galegos (revolt of galicians). rebellion demanding political autonomy county of baião, , low prices paid rubber , highest interest rate on loans collecting nuts , rubber.

retaliating against rebellion of maraba government of province of grão-pará not meet demands emancipation. enormous pressure , influence of local society has made provincial government gave in , initiate negotiations creation of municipality of marabá.

that culminated on february 27, 1913 maraba achieved political autonomy , became municipality. first mayor of maraba military antonio maia, took office appointed president of province of grão-pará.

in subsequent years migratory flow region of marabá increased considerably. during 1920s, immigrants moved maraba participate in extraction , sale of brazil nuts, andiroba, copaiba oils , rubber. , 1930s moved maraba, in order work in diamond mines on banks of tocantins river.

in 1929, marabá becomes illuminated power plant operated base burning wood. in november 1935 local airport opened , first plane lands in this. maraba in period consists of 450 houses , 1.500 inhabitants fixed.

the 1970s

with construction of highway pa-70, in 1969, maraba connected belém-brasília highway. implementation of road infrastructure part of brazilian military government s strategy integrate amazon region rest of country. part of integration strategy of amazon territory, region of marabá, undertaken official plan of agricultural colonization, construction of tucuruí hydroelectric power, implementation of projeto grande carajás (greater carajas project), , discovery of large gold deposits of serra pelada. these projects centered in marabá, , contributed economic , population boom occurred in city between 1970 , 1980.

in 1970 city declared national security area (legal position allowing direct intervention of brazilian central government), condition lasted until end of brazilian military dictatorship in 1985. besides having strategic importance policy of national integration, marabá region region of brazil there fighting between army , guerrillas of pcdob party want topple military regime , establish communist regime in brazil. performed araguaia guerrilla movement, forced brazilian government marabá send large contingent of troops of brazilian army. city has become since 1 of bases military operations troops of brazilian armed forces.

in 1970 launched programa de integração nacional (national integration program), which, among other things, provided construction of trans-amazon highway, first section opened in 1971, along creation of post of national institute of colonization , agrarian reform in marabá. completion of construction of trans-amazon highway, flow of immigrants towards maraba became large, , in less decade city has been radically transformed, small urban center on banks of tocantins river (in maraba time had 20,000 inhabitants), main city in region on 100,000 inhabitants.

the 1980s

in 1980 city devastated biggest flood in history, when tocantins river rose 17.42 meters. result, there redesign of city s expansion, construction of urban areas planned of cidade nova (new city) , nova marabá (new marabá), detriment of traditional urban area of velha marabá (old marabá). new urban areas have emerged on decade, highlighting são félix (st. félix) , morada nova (new morada).

in 1984, comes operation carajás railroad, has marabá center of operations; in 1988 , come operation first 2 steel mills production of pig iron.

in 1987 there conflict became known massacre of st. boniface. battle took place between miners of serra pelada , battalion of polícia militar (military police of state of pará), support of brazilian army. event preceded massacre blocking access mixed bridge of marabá, in demonstration of reopening of serra pelada mine , lowering of mining pit. police battalion sent unlock bridge, on reaching spot shot firearms against protesters force withdrawal. officially 9 people died in conflict.

the municipality contains part of 99,271 hectares (245,300 acres) tapirapé biological reserve, strictly protected conservation unit created in 1989.

recent facts

in 2008, industrial park of marabá reaches peak onset of steel production, declining in same year due great recession has hit european, american , chinese markets, targets of local production.

the crisis affected collection of taxes , other local businesses, forcing layoffs , major disruptions of projects , investments. effects in industrial park of marabá large, forcing closure of 10 of 11 steel-metallurgical industries. city s economy recovering, reopening of steel mills since 2013.

in 2011, marabá actively participated in of southeast pará plebiscite on division defined state of pará. marabá established during process center of discussions in region project division, leading candidate state capital of carajás. plebiscite took place on december 11, 2011. municipality @ 93.26% of votes in favor of establishing carajás.